Elections are a fundamental aspect of democracy in the United States, allowing citizens to have a say in how their country is governed. Teaching elementary students about U.S. elections helps them understand the importance of voting, civic responsibility, and how government decisions affect their lives. By introducing these concepts at a young age, we can foster informed and active future citizens.
The history of U.S. elections dates back to the late 18th century when the United States Constitution was adopted in 1787, establishing the framework for the new nation's government. The first presidential election took place in 1789, with George Washington unanimously elected as the first President of the United States. Initially, voting rights were limited to white male property owners, but over time, significant amendments and laws expanded suffrage to a broader population. The 15th Amendment, ratified in 1870, granted African American men the right to vote, and the 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, extended voting rights to women. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 further protected voting rights for minorities. U.S. elections have evolved from simple paper ballots to advanced electronic voting systems, ensuring a more inclusive and accessible process for all eligible citizens.
Learning about elections is a fun and important part of elementary school as these students will grow up to become citizens participating in the democratic process. This blog post will explore 25 engaging and practical ways to teach elementary students about U.S. elections, including hands-on activities, reading recommendations, and cost-effective methods.
1. Read Books About Elections
Introduce students to the election process through books like "Duck for President" by Doreen Cronin and "Grace for President" by Kelly DiPucchio. These stories are fun and provide an accessible way to learn about voting. For more ideas on reading material for elections, check out this blog post about the perfect books to read to your elementary class on election day.
Teaching kids about the election process through reading is vital for fostering an informed and engaged future electorate. Books can provide age-appropriate explanations of complex topics, making the concepts of voting, campaigning, and governance accessible to young minds. By reading about elections, children can learn the significance of their civic duties in an engaging and relatable way. Stories and informational texts about historical and contemporary elections help students understand the importance of every vote and the impact of collective decision-making. Moreover, reading about elections encourages critical thinking and discussions, helping kids develop their own informed opinions and become active participants in democracy.
2. Create a Mock Election
Organize a classroom election where students can vote on a fun topic, such as the class's favorite book or snack. This hands-on activity helps them understand the voting process.
Running a mock election with elementary students is a fun and educational way to teach them about the voting process. Start by selecting a topic for the election, such as choosing a class mascot or deciding on a special class treat. Create a list of candidates or options for the students to vote on. Explain the importance of each role or choice, and allow students to campaign briefly, perhaps by making posters or giving short speeches. Set up a voting booth with privacy screens and provide each student with a paper ballot listing the candidates or options. Have students take turns entering the booth to mark their ballots and place them in a ballot box. After all votes are cast, count the ballots together as a class and announce the results. Discuss the process, emphasize the importance of every vote, and celebrate the experience to reinforce the lessons learned.
3. Voting Booth Craft
Incorporate STEAM by building simple voting booths using cardboard boxes to give students a real-life voting experience. They can cast their ballots in these booths during a mock election.
STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) is crucial for elementary students as it fosters critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills that are essential in the 21st century. Incorporating more hands-on activities into Election Day lessons can enhance students' understanding and engagement. For instance, creating a mock election can help students grasp the election process, while designing campaign posters integrates art and technology. Constructing simple voting machines or counting ballots can introduce engineering and mathematics concepts. These activities not only make learning about elections fun and interactive but also develop a diverse skill set that benefits students in all areas of their education.
4. Electoral College Discussion
The Electoral College can be a complicated system for even adults to understand. Discuss the Electoral College in detail with students.
HERE’S HOW Review the part of the Constitution that established it. Then go over the map of the United States explaining how many electoral points each state has based on population. Do a mock example and have kids decide which color whiteboard marker you are going to use or something insignificant like that. Break kids into 4 groups. In 1 group have just 1 kid, in another group 3 kids, in another group 5-6 kids, and in another group all the rest of the kids. Explain that the kid of 1 gets 1 vote and is the elector. The group of 3 also only gets 1 elector to come and vote. The group of 5 gets 2 electors, and the group of the rest gets 3-4 depending on the size. Have them choose their electors and run the vote. Finally, have students discuss if they agree with this process or not.
5. Election Vocabulary Bingo
Create bingo cards with election-related terms like "ballot," "poll," "candidate," and "vote." Play bingo to familiarize students with the terminology.
Teaching kids election vocabulary is crucial for building their understanding of democratic processes and fostering informed future citizens. By learning terms like "ballot," "poll," "candidate," and "voting booth," children can better grasp the mechanics of elections and the importance of civic participation. This vocabulary equips them with the language needed to discuss and engage with political events, both in and out of the classroom. It also helps demystify the election process, making it more accessible and less intimidating. Understanding election-related terminology lays a strong foundation for active, informed participation in democracy as they grow older.
6. Visit a Polling Place
If possible, arrange a field trip to a local polling place.
My school actually is a polling place and allowed students to look around during the setup process with a poll worker explaining her job and what was happening directly to the students. If your polling place is not so conveniently located, make a call to your local election board and ask them about the nearest one to your school. See when would be a good time for kids to get a firsthand look at where voting happens. Seeing the voting process in action can be very educational.
7. Guest Speaker
Invite a local election official or someone involved in the election process to speak to the class about how elections are conducted and their importance. It is probably best to avoid inviting a particular candidate unless you can get candidates from both sides.
Having live speakers, such as election workers or members of the election board, engage directly with elementary students can provide invaluable insights into the electoral process. Hearing from experts firsthand allows students to connect theoretical knowledge with real-world applications, deepening their understanding and interest in elections. Moreover, interviewing these speakers helps children develop essential skills like active listening, critical thinking, and effective communication. Learning how to formulate questions and engage in meaningful dialogue not only enhances their understanding of the topic but also fosters confidence in interacting with professionals and authority figures. These experiences empower students to become informed citizens who can actively participate in and contribute to their communities' democratic processes.
8. Class Debate
Organize a debate on a simple, age-appropriate topic. This activity helps students understand the importance of discussing different viewpoints before making a decision.
It is crucial to provide elementary students with ample opportunities to practice debating as it cultivates several essential skills vital for their personal and academic growth. Debating encourages critical thinking by requiring students to analyze different perspectives, formulate arguments, and defend their viewpoints with evidence. It enhances communication skills as students learn to articulate their thoughts clearly and persuasively, improving both verbal and non-verbal communication abilities. Moreover, debating fosters teamwork and collaboration as students work together to prepare arguments and counterarguments. It also builds confidence by providing a platform for students to express themselves in a structured and respectful manner. Ultimately, practicing debating equips elementary students with the skills and confidence needed to engage in meaningful discussions, make informed decisions, and become active participants in their communities and beyond.
9. Campaign Posters
Have students create campaign posters for their mock election candidates. This art project encourages creativity and helps them learn about campaigning.
Art serves as a powerful medium beyond creativity, enabling individuals to convey messages and evoke emotions effectively. For elementary students, creating campaign posters for mock elections is a valuable STEAM activity that integrates art into learning about campaigning and its impact. By designing posters, students learn to visually communicate ideas, slogans, and messages that influence public opinion and voter decisions. They explore the use of colors, images, and fonts to convey emotions and persuade their peers. This activity not only enhances artistic skills but also deepens understanding of the persuasive techniques used in advertising and political campaigns. Through creating and analyzing campaign posters, students develop critical thinking as they consider how visual elements can shape perceptions and sway voter preferences. Ultimately, this hands-on experience empowers students to recognize the power of art in shaping public discourse and prepares them to engage thoughtfully in democratic processes.
10. Election History Lesson
Teach students about the history of voting rights in the U.S., including the 15th and 19th Amendments. Use timelines and stories to make it engaging.
Understanding history, especially the evolution of voting rights, is crucial for elementary students as it provides a foundation for comprehending societal changes and the principles of democracy. Teaching students about how voting rights have transformed over time not only fosters an appreciation for civil rights but also empowers them with a deeper understanding of the democratic process. Creating timelines is a highly effective educational tool that helps students visualize the sequence of historical events and grasp the chronological progression of voting rights. By constructing interactive timelines, students can actively engage with historical milestones, such as the passage of key legislation like the 15th and 19th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which granted voting rights to African Americans and women, respectively.
Interactive timelines allow students to explore historical periods dynamically by integrating multimedia elements such as images, videos, and text descriptions. This approach not only enhances their research skills but also encourages critical thinking as they analyze the causes and effects of legislative changes on voting rights. Moreover, interactive timelines provide a platform for students to collaborate, share their findings, and gain a comprehensive understanding of how social movements and advocacy efforts have influenced voting rights throughout history. By actively participating in the creation and exploration of timelines, elementary students develop a nuanced perspective on the importance of civic engagement and the ongoing struggle for equal rights in democratic societies.
11. Voting Play
Have students write a simple script for a play. This play could be about elections in general or explain when different groups fought for and gained their right to vote. Make sure to be sensitive to the continuing importance of this topic and how it may make certain students feel. This activity can make history come alive while incorporating writing and literacy skills.
Writing their own play or skit is immensely beneficial for elementary students as it encourages creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking in a dynamic and engaging way. When students write a play or skit about voting or elections, they delve into understanding the electoral process more deeply. They must research and grasp concepts such as campaigning, voting procedures, and the roles of different officials. By crafting dialogue and scenarios, students synthesize their knowledge into a cohesive narrative, which enhances their comprehension and retention of key concepts. Additionally, writing a play or skit allows students to explore various perspectives and viewpoints, fostering empathy and a deeper appreciation for democratic principles. Performing their work also builds confidence as students showcase their understanding of complex topics in a creative and meaningful manner. Overall, writing a play or skit about voting or elections not only reinforces academic learning but also cultivates important life skills such as communication, teamwork, and civic engagement.
12. Class Constitution
Create a class constitution outlining rules and responsibilities. This exercise parallels the creation of the U.S. Constitution and helps students understand its importance.
The U.S. Constitution holds immense importance as the foundational legal document shaping American democracy and governance. Teaching elementary students about the Constitution introduces them to fundamental principles like checks and balances, separation of powers, and individual rights enshrined in the Bill of Rights. Understanding these concepts fosters civic literacy and prepares students to become informed and engaged citizens. Writing their own classroom constitution further reinforces these lessons by empowering students to discuss and establish rules and expectations collaboratively. This activity encourages critical thinking as students negotiate and articulate their values and responsibilities within a structured framework. By participating in the creation of a classroom constitution, students not only deepen their understanding of democratic principles but also develop essential skills such as teamwork, decision-making, and respect for rules—all essential for active participation in both school and broader community contexts.
Creating their own rules can significantly improve students' behavior by fostering a sense of ownership, accountability, and mutual respect within the classroom community. When students actively participate in establishing rules, they gain a deeper understanding of the reasons behind behavioral expectations and feel more invested in upholding them. This process encourages critical thinking as students consider the consequences of their actions and the impact on themselves and their peers. Moreover, creating rules collaboratively promotes a sense of fairness and inclusivity, as students collectively decide on guidelines that reflect their shared values and goals. By internalizing and adhering to rules they helped create, students develop self-discipline, problem-solving skills, and a sense of responsibility for maintaining a positive learning environment. Ultimately, involving students in rule-making empowers them to take ownership of their behavior, fostering a more cooperative and respectful classroom atmosphere.
13. Elections Lesson
What a coincidence, I just so happen to have my own lesson all about elections that you can print and start teaching right away.
This unit includes a leveled text all about elections with multiple vocabulary activities. There is a lesson on main topic and key details which includes an adorable election-themed recording paper. Another lesson reviews asking and answering questions with 5 multiple choice questions and 5 open-ended questions. There is also a lesson on text features with a fun text feature scavenger hunt that will have kids walking swiftly around the library. For all this and more, buy the All About Elections unit today!
14. Interactive Websites
Use websites like iCivics, which offer free educational games and resources about government and elections, to engage students with interactive learning.
iCivics is an innovative educational platform founded by former U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, dedicated to promoting civic education among elementary and middle school students. It offers a wide range of interactive games, lesson plans, and resources designed to teach students about democracy, government, and civic engagement. iCivics plays a crucial role in elementary education by making complex civic concepts accessible and engaging through gamification and interactive learning experiences. By playing games like "Win the White House" or "Branches of Power," students learn about the electoral process, separation of powers, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens in a hands-on way. This platform not only enhances students' understanding of how government functions but also cultivates critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making skills essential for informed and active citizenship. By empowering young learners with knowledge about their roles in a democratic society, iCivics prepares them to become responsible and engaged participants in their communities and future leaders in a complex world.
15. Election Day Dress-Up
Have students dress up as historical figures who were important to U.S. elections and voting rights. They can share facts about their figure with the class.
Learning about historical figures is crucial for elementary students as it provides them with role models and insights into the past that shape our present and future. Studying historical figures who played significant roles in advocating for voting rights and elections is particularly important as it helps students understand the struggles and achievements in achieving democratic principles like equality and representation. Researching and writing short biographies about these figures, such as Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass, or Lyndon B. Johnson, not only enhances students' knowledge of history but also develops their research, writing, and analytical skills. By exploring the lives and contributions of these individuals, students gain a deeper appreciation for the importance of civic participation and the ongoing fight for civil rights. Moreover, studying historical figures who championed voting rights inspires students to become informed and active citizens who value democratic principles and advocate for positive change in their communities.
16. Create a Campaign Speech
Ask students to write and present a campaign speech for a mock election about an age-appropriate issue. This activity enhances public speaking skills and understanding of campaigning.
Having elementary kids write a campaign speech is important as it teaches them valuable skills in communication, critical thinking, and civic engagement. Crafting a campaign speech requires students to articulate their ideas clearly and persuasively, fostering their ability to organize thoughts and present them effectively. It encourages students to think critically about issues that matter to them and their peers, promoting a deeper understanding of civic responsibility and the democratic process. Writing a campaign speech also empowers students to advocate for their beliefs and aspirations, developing their confidence in expressing opinions and engaging in public discourse. By participating in this activity, elementary kids not only hone their writing and public speaking skills but also cultivate a sense of leadership and responsibility as they prepare to make a positive impact on their school community through democratic means.
17. Polling Station Role Play
Set up a classroom polling station where students can practice checking in voters, handing out ballots, and counting votes.
Engaging students in an activity like this provides a hands-on experience that brings the democratic process to life. This activity not only familiarizes students with the procedures involved in voting but also reinforces concepts such as civic duty, fairness, and the importance of participation in a democracy. By actively participating in these roles, students gain a practical understanding of how elections work, which helps demystify the process and encourages them to become informed and responsible citizens. Moreover, setting up a mock polling place fosters teamwork, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills as students collaborate to ensure a smooth and fair election simulation. Such activities empower elementary students to appreciate the value of their voices and choices in shaping their communities and society as a whole.
18. Election Math
Incorporate math by having students count votes and calculate percentages. This real-world application of math skills can make learning more meaningful.
Incorporating math while teaching elementary students about the United States election process provides a valuable opportunity to reinforce mathematical skills in a real-world context. Students can explore various mathematical concepts such as counting, percentages, and data analysis by examining election results, voter turnout, and demographic trends. They can calculate simple fractions and percentages to understand how votes are distributed among candidates or determine voter participation rates. Additionally, activities like creating graphs and charts to visually represent election data help students interpret information and draw conclusions. By integrating math into lessons about elections, educators not only deepen students' understanding of mathematical concepts but also demonstrate the practical application of math in everyday life and civic engagement. This interdisciplinary approach encourages critical thinking and problem-solving skills while fostering a well-rounded understanding of both math and democracy among elementary students.
19. Ballot Box Craft
Make simple ballot boxes from shoe boxes for students to use during the mock election. This craft project makes the voting process tangible.
A ballot box is a component of modern elections, serving as the secure container where voters deposit their completed ballots to be counted later. The use of ballot boxes helps maintain the transparency and fairness of elections by securely collecting and storing votes until they are counted. Students can add an additional layer of challenge by trying to make their ballot boxes tamper-resistant. Ballot boxes are typically made of durable material like metal or heavy-duty plastic. They often feature a narrow slot for inserting ballots, which helps prevent tampering and unauthorized access. See if you can have students examine a real ballot box prior to coming up with their designs.
Designing a ballot box is an excellent STEAM activity for elementary students as it integrates multiple disciplines and fosters creativity and problem-solving skills. Students can apply principles of engineering and design to create a functional and secure ballot box using materials like cardboard, paper, or recyclable materials. They can explore concepts of measurement, geometry, and spatial awareness while constructing the box and ensuring it has a slot for ballots and mechanisms for secure closure. Incorporating arts, students can decorate the ballot box with symbols of democracy or voting rights, enhancing their understanding of civic concepts through visual expression. Moreover, discussing the importance of ballot integrity and confidentiality reinforces ethical considerations and civic responsibility. Overall, designing a ballot box not only engages students in hands-on learning but also encourages them to explore the intersection of creativity, practicality, and civic engagement.
20. Election News Bulletin Board
Have students create a bulletin board with current election news, simplified for students. Discussing current events helps students connect classroom learning to the real world.
Teaching elementary students about elections can be greatly enhanced by involving them in current election news. Students can synthesize the information through a bulletin board designed specifically for their understanding. Creating such a bulletin board not only keeps students updated on ongoing election developments but also helps them grasp complex political concepts in a simplified manner tailored to their age group. By displaying simplified explanations of election processes and issues, students can visually absorb information that reinforces what they learn in class. Discussing these current events encourages critical thinking and allows students to connect classroom learning to the real world, making abstract concepts more relatable and relevant. This practice also cultivates a habit of staying informed about civic affairs and empowers students to engage thoughtfully in discussions about the democratic process and its impact on their lives and communities.
21. Voting Sticker Craft
Have students design and make "I Voted" stickers. Wearing these stickers can make the mock election experience more authentic.
Having elementary students design "I voted" stickers is a creative and engaging activity that fosters a sense of civic pride and participation. Students can express their understanding of the voting process and democracy through artistic expression, designing stickers that capture the essence of voting and civic duty. This activity encourages students to think about the significance of voting in shaping their communities and society at large. They can incorporate symbols of democracy, such as flags or ballot boxes, and use colors and slogans to convey messages of empowerment and responsibility. Designing "I voted" stickers also promotes teamwork and collaboration as students brainstorm ideas and work together to create visually appealing designs. You can even see if your local community will consider adopting one of their sticker designs for the actual election. Or you can pass them out during your mock election. Seeing their stickers distributed on election day can instill a sense of accomplishment and reinforce the importance of civic engagement among young learners.
22. Write Letters
Encourage students to write letters to local representatives expressing their thoughts on community issues. If you would like some FREE patriotic writing paper for this activity, you can download it here for free. If you would like writing prompts instead of letters, check out this blog post all about election day writing prompts.
Having elementary students write letters to local representatives is a valuable activity that teaches them about civic engagement and advocacy. By expressing their thoughts on community issues through writing, students learn to articulate their concerns and ideas in a constructive manner. This activity not only reinforces writing skills but also introduces students to the democratic process of communicating with elected officials to effect change. It encourages students to think critically about issues affecting their community and empowers them to take an active role in shaping their environment. Moreover, writing letters to local representatives fosters a sense of responsibility and citizenship as students recognize their voice and opinions can make a meaningful impact. Through this hands-on experience, students develop a deeper understanding of democracy and civic responsibility, preparing them to be informed and engaged members of society.
23. Watch Educational Videos
Show age-appropriate videos about elections and voting rights. Visual learning can enhance student understanding of these complex topics.
Using short videos to teach students about elections and voting rights is highly effective in enhancing their understanding of these complex topics. Visual media engages students in a dynamic way, presenting information through storytelling, animations, and real-life examples that are accessible and compelling. Short videos can illustrate key concepts such as the electoral process, the role of elected officials, and the importance of voting rights in a clear and visually stimulating manner. They can showcase historical events, such as the struggle for voting rights, in a way that resonates with young learners, fostering empathy and understanding of civic issues. Moreover, videos allow students to see democracy in action, featuring diverse perspectives and real-world scenarios that deepen their appreciation for the democratic process. By incorporating multimedia resources into lessons, educators can provide a multi-dimensional approach to learning about elections, promoting critical thinking and civic engagement among elementary students.
24. Elections Around the World
Learn about elections in other countries and the history of elections around the world. From ancient Athens to modern-day France, how do other countries have their elections?
Teaching elementary students about elections around the world offers a rich opportunity to explore diverse cultures, political systems, and global perspectives. Each student or group of students can be assigned a different country to research. Students might present their information in a variety of ways. They can use interactive maps, videos, posters, or research papers. Students can include information about voting methods, political parties, and key issues unique to each region. Discussing international elections allows students to compare and contrast democratic practices and understand the universal principles of fairness, transparency, and civic participation. Additionally, incorporating stories and videos about children in different countries participating in elections can personalize the learning experience and foster empathy and global citizenship among young learners. By embracing a global perspective on elections, educators can inspire curiosity, cultural awareness, and a deeper appreciation for democracy across borders.
25. Celebrate Election Day
Hold a special celebration on the day of your mock election or on the actual election day. Provide snacks and make it a fun, memorable event for the students. HERE are some helpful patriotic decorations that you might want to use at your celebration.
Incorporating learning into an election day party for elementary students can be both fun and educational. Have students be part of the planning process from how the classroom will be set up to calculating the cost of supplies and treats for the festivities. Display the student’s work that they created throughout the learning process of discovering more about elections and voting. By combining fun activities with educational content, an election day party can provide elementary students with a memorable learning experience about democracy and civic responsibility.
Teaching elementary students about U.S. elections is crucial for developing informed, engaged future citizens. By using a variety of engaging and practical activities, students can gain a deeper understanding of the election process and the importance of their civic duties. Thank you for reading this blog post by A Messy Classroom. I hope you and your students enjoy learning more about the democratic process and the importance of elections. Remember, don't forget to get messy and make lots of mistakes!
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